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Journal of Industrial Relations
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Union Reach, the ‘Representation Gap’ and the Prospects for Unionism in New Zealand

Peter Haynes

Peter Boxall

The University of Auckland Business School, New Zealand

Keith Macky

Massey University, New Zealand

The New Zealand Worker Representation and Participation Survey, drawing on earlier surveys in the USA and Britain, charts the incidence, location and nature of demand for union membership in New Zealand for the first time. Using Freeman and RogerTMs (1999) definition, we estimate the ‘representation gapTM, the extent of unsatisfied demand for union membership, at 17.8 percent of the labour force. The gap is greater among younger and lower paid workers in smaller organizations in private sector service industries. How much of the gap consists of workers who would definitely join a union if actually offered the opportunity is a debatable point. New Zealand unions face three major challenges: indifference on the part of the majority of workers in non-unionized firms, lack of union reach (mainly into small, private sector workplaces), and free-riding. These challenges imply a mix of responses in union strategy and public policy.

Key Words: New Zealand • representation gap • union membership

Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 48, No. 2, 193-216 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0022185606062831
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